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企業內部人員處理智慧財產權相關應具備之職業能力之研究
THE RESEARCH THE NECESSARY OCCUPATIONAL ABILITIES OF ENTERPRISES’
IN HOUSE STAFF FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS RELATED ISSUES

許文齡

朝陽科技大學銀髮產業管理系助理教授

耿筠*

國立台灣科技大學專利研究所教授

謝廷妮

國立台灣科技大學專利研究所碩士生

林家均

國立台灣科技大學專利研究所碩士生

邱誠

國立台灣科技大學專利研究所碩士生

Wen-Ling Hsu

Assistant Professor, Department of Golden-Ager Industry Management,
Chaoyang University of Technology

Yun Ken

Professor, Graduate Institute of Patent,
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

Ting-Ni Hsieh

Master, Graduate Institute of Patent,
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

Chia-Chun Lin

Master, Graduate Institute of Patent,
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

Tony Chiou

Master, Graduate Institute of Patent,
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology

摘要

由於技術密集與知識經濟的發展，智慧財產保護制度成為產業發展的重要支柱。因應趨勢發展，台灣教育體制中成立了許多專業系所，以期為企業培育處理智慧財產權相關工作的專業人力。本研究採用職業能力分析的一般訪談法，實際訪問六類產業之55家企業的高階主管，詢問企業內部自行處理智慧財產權相關的工作項目，與內部人員應具備的職業能力項目。研究結果發現：公司自行處理之工作項目主要為專利申請與佈局、商標註冊與糾紛處理、專利檢索與分析、營業秘密的管理與保護、專利侵權比對與糾紛處理、與廣泛性的智慧財產權議題等。對於內部人員之職業能力項目，要求重點為產業之專業技術知識、廣泛性的智慧財產權知識、專利專業知識、語文能力、法律知識、專利檢索與分析能力、專利申請與佈局、溝通能力、經歷研發工作、專利侵權比對與糾紛處理能力、產業相關知識與經驗、學習意願、與工作動機與熱忱。根據以上發現，本研究對於目前智慧財產教育之招生條件、課程設計、與專業實習等提出建議。

關鍵字：智慧財產、職業能力、職能分析、內部人員

ABSTRACT

According to the development of technology-intensive and knowledge-based economy, intellectual property protection system has become an important pillar of industrial development. In order to foster professional intellectual property staff for industry and responding to this trend, a lot of professional institutes are established in our education system. This research used interview method in competency analysis to obtain the responds about what kinds of intellectual property related jobs handled by their companies, and what kinds of occupational abilities that in-house staff must have. We had interviewed for 55 CEOs in 6 different industries. It was found, the related jobs of intellectual property were patent filing and portfolio, trademark registration and disputes settlement, patent search and analysis, trade secret management and protecting, patent infringement assessment and disputes settlement, and general intellectual property rights issues. The necessary occupational abilities that in house staffs need to have were technical knowledge of responding industry, general knowledge of intellectual property rights, professional patent knowledge, foreign language, legal knowledge, ability of patent search and analysis, patent filing and portfolio, communication skills, experience in R&D works, patent infringement and dispute settlement, industrial domain knowledge and experience, learning willing, and work motivation and enthusiasm. Based on the finding above, this research proposed some suggestions of enrollment conditions, curriculum design, and professional internship for our education programs.

Keywords: Intellectual Property, Occupational Ability, Competency Analysis, in House Staff

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「信任是基礎，知識是力量」－以台灣國際觀光旅館為例

TRUST IS THE FOUNDATION, KNOWLEDGE IS THE POWER-
EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL TOURIST HOTELS IN TAIWAN

許順旺

天主教輔仁大學餐旅管理研究所教授

鄭姍姍*

天主教輔仁大學餐旅管理研究所助理教授

張姮燕

義守大學餐旅管理學系助理教授

Shun-Wang Hsu

Professor, Graduate Institute of Restaurant Hotel and Institutional Management,
Fu Jen Catholic University

Shan-Shan Cheng

Assistant Professor, Graduate Institute of Restaurant Hotel and Institutional Management,
Fu Jen Catholic University

Heidi H. Chang

Assistant Professor, Department of Hospitality Management,
I-Shou University

摘要

本研究以台灣國際觀光旅館員工為研究對象，探討員工組織信任、組織公民行為與知識分享之關聯性。資料收集採便利抽樣方式進行問卷調查，受測對象為國際觀光旅館工作滿六個月以上之員工，並請其直線主管以1比5配對方式協助填答員工之組織公民行為。問卷發放主管及員工各700份，回收有效配對問卷537份。研究結果顯示組織信任對組織公民行為及知識分享行為有顯著的正向影響；組織公民行為對知識分享（分享意願及分享行為）有顯著的正向影響；組織公民行為對組織信任與知識分享（分享意願及分享行為）產生中介效果。希冀本研究結果讓國際觀光旅館了解組織信任重要性，並為提升組織內公民行為與知識傳播的依據，以提高營收與績效。

關鍵字：組織信任、組織公民行為、知識分享、國際觀光旅館

ABSTRACT

This study targeted at employees of international tourist hotels in Taiwan while aimed to explore the relationship among organization trust, organization citizenship behavior, and knowledge sharing. Research samples were full-time employees and managers who have worked more than six months in the international tourist hotels in Taiwan. Questionnaire surveys with convenience sampling were adopted for data collection. Using sample matching method, direct managers were invited to evaluate organization citizenship behavior of their subordinate employees. There were 700 questionnaires sent to managers and employees respectively while a total of 537 valid matching questionnaires were received. Research results indicated that (1) organization trust had a positive impact on organization citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing behavior; (2) organizational citizenship behavior had a positive impact on knowledge sharing; (3) organizational citizenship behavior had a mediated effect on the relationship between organization trust and knowledge sharing. This study provides international tourist hotels with the understanding toward importance of organizational trust and its effect as the enhancement of organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing, which would consequently lead to higher organization performance.

Keywords: Organizational Trust, Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Knowledge Sharing, International Tourist Hotel

回目錄

銀行管理者創業導向結構方程模式分析應用－以一家國營銀行為例

APPLYING ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ANALYSIS ON BANKING MANAGERS - A CASE STUDY FOR A NATIONAL BANK

周子敬*

銘傳大學應用統計與資料科學學系助理教授

Tzu-Chin Rejoice Chou

Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Statistics & Information Science,
Ming Chuan University

摘要

本研究目的在於應用創業導向結構方程模式分析於國內一家國營銀行的管理者上。創業導向的五個重要因素分別為自治、創新性、主動性、風險承擔及競爭積極性。本研究母群體為該國營銀行的所有管理者，根據1,630筆蒐集樣本進行最小平方結構方程模式分析（Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling, PLS-SEM），藉由分析軟體SmartPLS 3以分析資料潛在變數之路徑模式。研究結果顯示管理人員的自治與其他4個因素具有顯著正向關係；扮演中介因素的創新性對於主動性、風險承擔及競爭積極性有顯著正向影響；另一個扮演中介因素的主動性因素對於風險承擔，以及競爭積極性亦具有顯著正向影響。然而，風險承擔結果因素對於競爭積極性沒有影響。本研究藉由PLS-SEM所建構的EO因果模式可作為未來學術實務參考用。除此，此因果模式也可與一些重要組織研究議題相結合以形成更精緻的模式。

關鍵字：創業導向、國營銀行、最小平方法結構方程模式

ABSTRACT

The present study aims to apply entrepreneurial orientation structural equation model analysis on banking managers for a national bank in Taiwan. These five crucial factors of the entrepreneurial orientation are Autonomy, Innovativeness, Proactiveness, Risk Taking, and Aggressive Competitiveness. The population of the study includes the banking managers of a national bank in Taiwan. The 1,630 collected data were analyzed by using the partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) method. The Smart PLS 3 software was applied to analysis the data and path modelling with latent variables. Our findings showed that Autonomy has a positive, significant impact on the other four factors among the managers. Innovativeness as the mediating factor had a significantly positive relationship with Proactiveness, Risk-taking, and Aggressive Competitiveness; the other Proactiveness mediating factor also had a significantly positive relationship with risk-taking, and with Aggressive Competitiveness. Moreover, the risking-taking effect factor had no impact on the Aggressive Competitiveness effect factor. This study has constructed the EO causal model by PLS-SEM as the reference for future academic practice. In addition, this causal model also can connect with some organizational crucial research issues to form more delicate models.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Orientation, National Bank in Taiwan, Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM)

回目錄

教師職能知識地圖建構法

A KNOWLEDGE MAPPING METHOD FOR TEACHERS’
COMPETENCY OF HIGHER VOCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

鄭滄祥

南臺科技大學企管系教授

丁淑方

國立成功大學資管所博士生

Tsang-Hsiang Cheng

Professor, Department of Administration,
Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology

Shu‐Fang Ting

Doctoral Student, Institute of Information Management,
National Cheng Kung University

摘要

目前大專畢業生的「學用落差」問題主要源於學生在校所學無法及時與產業需求接軌，因而產業界普遍期待大學教育能進行變革，讓課程的內容朝向「務實增能」與「強化學生就業力」兩大面向來努力。學校教育主要透過教師的課程施教來達成教學目的，教師是課程設計與執行的主要人物，學校管理單位必須先掌握教師的職能分布狀況，方能協助教師們設計出可與產業接軌的職能導向課程，以落實學生「就業力」的培養。緣此，本研究嘗試提出一項教師職能知識地圖的建構法，輔以UCAN的職能架構，建構出一套視覺化的單位職能知識分布地圖，藉以協助教學單位妥善規劃職能導向課程以克服學用落差問題。本研究應用所提出之職能知識地圖建構法於個案系所後，發現本建構法可協助系所導入產業職能架構，進行與產業接軌的課程設計；同時也能利用視覺化知識地圖作為系所發展的溝通工具，規劃教師的發展與增能方向，強化教學品質與教學成果，進而朝向「強化學生就業力」及「倍增學生未來生產力」的目標邁進。

關鍵字：知識地圖、職能導向課程、知識管理、知識盤點

ABSTRACT

Due to the fact that knowledge and skills acquired by students in their higher education fail to meet the industries’ demand has led to a mismatch between education and the labor market. Industry hence calls for higher education reforms in order to develop a curriculum that aims at students’ practical skill enhancement and the development of their employability. To achieve this goal, school administrators must first get hold of each teacher’s competency before assisting them in designing competence-oriented courses since teachers play an integral part in curriculum design and implementation. Accordingly, this study proposes a method of constructing a teacher competence map, complemented by UCAN framework, and further develops a set of teaching unit-based visual knowledge distribution maps to assist the curriculum planning group in properly designing the competence-oriented courses to bridge the gap between academia and industry. After the target group of the department in this study employing the proposed mapping method, it is found that the proposed method can assist the department to apply the occupational competency framework to its curriculum design that is more in line with industry standards. In addition, the visual knowledge maps can be used as a means of communication that helps departments build up strategies for promoting effective teacher development and empowerment that ultimately boost the quality and outcome of the teaching. It is expected that these strategies could help students increase their employability and productivity in the future.

Keywords: Knowledge Map, Curriculum for Competency-Based Program, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Audit

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