2009年中華商管科技學會年會暨學術研討會-因應金融海嘯衝擊，再創企業競爭力
中華商管科技學會年會暨學術研討會為本學會每年度最重要的大型會議，透過會議，使商業及管理相關領域之產業界與學術界專家能齊聚一堂，互相交流成果與心得，以加強學術交流及促進產學合作，並期能提升我國產業生產力，促進我國競爭力。本年度特別感謝遠東科技大學管理學院及企業管理系全力主辦，並提供各項資源，使本次會議得盛大舉行。
本年度之會議主題訂為「因應金融海嘯衝擊，再創企業競爭力」，除興國管理學院林財源校長針對本次主題進行專題演講外，更希望藉由此次研討會，得以彙集產業界與學術界之實務心得與研究成果，並探討先進技術理念落實應用之情況，就金融海嘯下，針對我國產業之發展、企業行銷策略、金融及人力資源市場所面臨的衝擊與因應現況，進行相互觀摩研討，以促進國內企業產業升級，加強企業競爭力；此外，今年特別加入文化經濟與文化行銷主題，冀望透過文化產業的振興與創新之實務研究，建設高品質的台灣文化，提昇我國產業之國際形象及競爭力。
本年度學術研討會比起往來投稿更為踴躍，投稿論文篇數有206篇，經審查後分3個時段9個場次現場發表，並發行論文集。報名參與學者來自國內外各大專校院超過81所學校的495位教授與研究生，共評選出10篇最佳論文、20篇佳作，入選本學會出版的「商管科技季?」的審查。再次感謝所有參與此次學術研討會之產、學各界菁英，相信這些優良論著對商業及管理領域之研究與應用必有卓越貢獻與深遠的影響。
明年度，2010年中華商管科技學會年會暨學術研討會，將由本會與國立屏東科技大學共同主辦，並由國立屏東科技大學管理學院承辦，屆時歡迎舊雨新知共襄盛舉。
中華商管科技學會理事長
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謹識
2009年10月23日
中小企業輪調式建教合作人力雇用策略之研究—人力資源成本效益觀點
A study on human resource employment strategy of Rotary Cooperative Education for Small and Medium-Size Enterprises -- Human Resource Cost-Benefit Analysis Perspective
Li-Rong Huang
Kaohsiung Normal University,
Graduate Institute of Human Resource and Knowledge Management graduate student
Wun- Syuan Yan
Kaohsiung Normal University,
Graduate Institute of Human Resource and Knowledge Management graduate student
Jiang- Shan Tsai
Kaohsiung Normal University,
Graduate Institute of Human Resource and Knowledge Management in-service program graduate student
Wei- Ning Liou
Kaohsiung Normal University,
Graduate Institute of Human Resource and Knowledge Management Associate Professor
ABSTRACT
In the global financial crisis, SMEs adjust the employment patterns to control the human resource cost through the way of rotary cooperative education for responding the change of economic environment. Previous studies have pointed out that rotary cooperative education is helpful to improve the flexibility and economic efficiency of employment; however, there is little statistical data to show specific changes. The study, in terms of human resource cost-benefit analysis perspective, evaluates the effects of rotary cooperative education on the benefits of employees the cost of replacement the cost of absence and the variations in human costs control in the company A during the global financial crisis. In this study, it uses the case study method to compare human costs variations through rotary cooperative education before the global financial crisis to after that. From the study, rotary cooperative educational strategy for employment affects human costs of the company and helps control human costs under reasonable rate, reducing future costs of training and compensation.
Keywords: Rotary Cooperative Education_Human Resource Cost-Benefit Analysis_human resource employment strategy_Small and Medium-Size Enterprises
The Influence of Innovation Strategy and Organizational Innovation on Innovation
Quality and Performance
吳淑鶯
國立勤益科技大學企業管理系教授
林巧蛉
國立勤益科技大學企業管理系研究生
Shwu-Ing Wu
Department of Business Administration, National Chin-Yi University of Technology
Chiao-ling Lin
Department of Business Administration, National Chin-Yi University of Technology
摘要
本研究以台灣之天下雜誌2009 年度評選1000 大調查之企業為研究對象，探討業者在創新策略、組織創新、創新品質及創新績效間之關聯性，並探討不同構面間關係強度。經對各產業主管及員工進行調查後，共回收326 份有效問卷，再以相關分析、結構方程模式加以探討及驗證。
研究結果發現：企業之創新策略類型可區分為產品與製程創新、行銷創新及管理創新三類。而此三種創新策略會正向影響創新品質，進而影響創新績效。而組織創新對創新品質亦有正向影響，進而影響創新績效。經由本研究結果可知， 企業之創新策略及組織創新是影響創新品質及創新績效的重要因素。
關鍵字：創新策略、組織創新、創新品質、創新績效
ABSTRACT
This study utilizes the 1000 largest corporations that surveyed at 2009 by Common Wealth Magazine in Taiwan to explore the correlations and strengths between innovation strategies, organizational innovation, innovation quality, and innovation performance of a corporation. Through the investigation of managers and employees in various industries, 326 valid responses were collected and further explored and verified through correlation analysis and structural equation modeling.
The results of the study found that innovation strategy of corporations can be divided into the three sub-types such as product and manufacturing innovation, marketing innovation, and management innovation. These three types of innovation strategies will positively influence innovation quality and further influence innovation performance. Meanwhile, organizational innovation also has a positive effect on innovation quality, thereby further affecting innovation performance. As can be seen from the results of this study, innovation strategies and organizational innovation of corporations are the most important factors influencing innovation quality and innovation performance.
Keywords: Innovation Strategy、Organizational Innovation、Innovation Quality 、Innovation Performance
Decision Analysis for Higher Level Qualities Product Innovation Secret Protection Horizon
吳桂森
嶺東科技大學財務金融系教授
李佳亭
嶺東科技大學財務金融研究所研究生
Guey-Sen Wu
Professor, Department of Finance, Ling Tung University
Chia-Ting Lee
Graduate student, Department of Finance, Ling Tung University
摘要
產品創新為近代廠商的重要競爭策略，而「營業秘密」為創新保密的重要方式。敏感度分析能有效地對個別參數之獨自變動，提供最佳決策容忍範圍，作為值得採取維持決策結構之準則。產品創新的知識係重要的營業秘密，但是，傳統上對其保密的研究大多關注在法律面向的議題，鮮少於管理決策方面。創新秘密所銷售之產品，亦會吸引競爭廠商採取還原工程(reverse engineering)、獨自發掘(independent discovery)等方式，進入
市場分享利潤。
先前研究常給定產品之邊際成本為常數，然而，具有研發密集(development intensive)性質之高品質產品，其邊際成本隨著品質水準呈現二次函數。本論文的主要貢獻在於：(a) 決策模式中同時加入銷售量與產品品質兩個決策變數；(b) 變動成本修正成為「基本品質之常數成本」加上「以變動成本作為品質水準的二次函數」之具有「研發密集產品」特性之高階品質產品；(c) 建構最佳決策敏感度分析模型，擴增產品創新保密期最佳化決策模式的適用性與實務價值。
關鍵字：高階產品創新、營業秘密、保密期
ABSTRACT
Product innovation is an important competitive strategy for firms in our country recently, and trade secret is an important protection type for this innovation. Sensitivity analysis is proposed as an effective and easy-to-use decision method to consider the effects of independent changes in selected parameters. This approach provides a tolerance within which selected parameters may vary from their estimated worth while still retain the same decision structure. Knowledge of innovation product is an important type of trade secret, but traditional studies about its protection focused on legal issue, and rarely on management decision. Trade secret produces a new product for sale, and the competitors may develop it by reverse engineering or independent discovery, and then enter this market to earn profits.
There are always gives constant to marginal cost by studies before, but development intensive higher level qualities product’s marginal cost function is a quadratic function of quality level. This study’s contribution is: (a) two decision variables with sales quantity and product quality in decision models (b) formulates an optimal protection horizon decision models for higher level product innovation secret by combines traditional parts and development intensive parts; (c) use sensitivity analysis method to find its influences, the critical ranges of individual parameters, let these models more generalize for use, and discuss managerial implications of these decision models.
Keywords: Higher Level Product Innovation, Trade Secret, Secret Protection Horizon
Scheduling Jobs Containing Multiple Orders on the Identical Parallel Machine
陳禎祥
遠東科技大學企業管理系 教授
楊玉霜
遠東科技大學企業管理系 研究助理
Jen-Shiang Chen
Professor, Department of Business Administration, Far East University
Yu-Shuang Yang
Research Assistant, Department of Business Administration, Far East University
摘要
本研究探討相同平行機台的多訂單工作排程問題，除考量所有訂單的準備時間及多產品型態外，並將兩種不同產品類型轉換之準備時間納入考慮。同時我們也探討批次加工及單片加工兩種機器加工類型的排程問題，其中，績效衡量為訂單之總加權延遲時間。本文針對這兩種機器加工類型的排程問題分別提出兩種不同技巧的混合二元整數規劃模式，所以，我們共提出四個混合二元整數規劃模式求解最佳化的生產排程，另外，文中也針對不同的混合二元整數規劃模式設立技巧進行測試與比較。
關鍵字：排程、平行機台、多訂單、整數規劃、半導體製造
ABSTRACT
This paper studies the identical parallel machine scheduling problems with multiple orders per job (MOJ) considerations. We also consider the ready times of all orders, multiple product types within all orders, and the sequence-dependent setup times between the product types. Both lot processing machines and item processing machines are also discussed. There are two scheduling problems are proposed. The performance measure is the total weighted tardiness of all orders. We present two different mixed binary integer programming (BIP) formulation methods for each proposed problem, one method bases on the dichotomous restrictions and the other method adopts the concept of assignment problem. Thus four mixed BIP models are developed to optimally solve the proposed scheduling problems. Different formulation methods are also compared with each other for each proposed problem on the same benchmark problem data set.
Keywords: scheduling, parallel machines, multiple orders per job, integer programming, semiconductor manufacturing
The Study on the Job Characteristics of Emotional Labor and Responding Strategies of Employees.
施惠娟
國立雲林科技大學企管系博士
林尚平
國立雲林科技大學企管系教授
Hui-Chuan Shih
PHD, Department of Business Administration,
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
Shang-Ping Lin
Professor, Department of Business Administration,
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
摘要
為研究情緒勞務工作特質與反應策略之間的相互關係，釐清情緒勞務工作者的心理歷程、情緒勞務研究中的層級問題，以及Grandey(2003)所提出情緒勞務心理歷程對於情緒傳遞的影響議題，本研究設計並進行實證研究，以印刷業、政府行政機關以及醫療業為主要對象進行研究、研發量表，並提出情緒勞務IPO 模式。研究結果發現：歷程因子「表層情緒控制」與產出因子「情緒耗竭」、「去人化」有正向顯著影響。也就是「表層情緒控制」對於個體心理有負面影響。但是歷程因子「深層情緒偽裝」則發現與產出因子「情緒耗竭」、「去人化」、「成就感」無顯著影響。最後於討論與結論中提出理論意涵、實務意涵以及未來建議研究方向。
關鍵字：情緒勞務、IPO 模式、表層情緒控制、深層情緒偽裝、情緒耗竭、去人化、成就感、職業倦怠
ABSTRACT
To study the interactive relationships between job characteristics and responding strategies of workers who work under emotional labor, understand psychological process of emotional labor workers, clarify the level issues for the development of emotional labor field, and verify the impact of psychological factors to affective distribution in the emotional labor field (Grandey, 2003), this research processes two researches. This study selected samples from workers of printing industry, the executive authorities of the Government, and hospitals. The main purpose of this research is to develop a scale. The research results are consistent with the foci of this research: only through the workers’ strategical psychological adjustments responding to the situations of emotional labor, can the situations of emotional labor affect the workers’ levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and accomplishment feelings. Finally, suggestions for future researches and the practical implication are discussed in the section of discussion and conclusion.
Keywords: emotional labor, IPO model, surface acting, deep Acting, emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, accomplishment
YI-PEI LIU
Huang-Jing-Lan
ABSTRACT
Capital market in Mainland China thrives in recent years, and active privatization internationalizes its capital market. This policy helps corporation funding, but capital structure of the company is much more valued. This study aims at investigating the Threshold effect between capital structure and firm value in China listed companies .The research period of this study is 10 years from 1997 to 2006,and the total amount of observations in general industry data in Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchange listed companies in China are 305. Hansen(1999) developed the Panel Threshold Model ,and we use this model to test if there exists an optimal Debt/Total Assets ratiocD/TA ratiodwhich may result in threshold effect and asymmetrical responses of the firm value to the D/TA ratio. we selected ERS.ROE as the proxy variables to represent the firm value of the observed listed firms. The result shows that EPS.ROE exist only one single threshold effect, and the threshold values is estimated to be 64.64% and 61.57%.In addition, the debt ratio will fast decrease when the threshold value is over 64.64% and 61.57%. Therefore, we can use Panel Threshold Model to get the threshold of debt level and provide management to use financial leverage to obtain optimal capital structure, and in consequence we can improve effectively maximum value for Company operations.
Keywords: Panel Data Threshold Regression Model, Threshold Effect, Debt Ratio, Panel Data
Critical factors of Continuous Auditing Systems Adoption from Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Shi-Ming Huang
Department of Accounting and Information Technology,
National Chung Cheng University
Hui-Ying Tseng
Department of Accounting and Information Technology,
National Chung Cheng University
Ching-Lin Lin
ABSTRACT
A lot of scandals and business fraud, such as by the Enron and WorldCom companies, shook public confidence in financial reporting and made people confused about the accuracy and credibility of financial statements. For rebuilding investors’ confidence, the American government issued the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). In addition, SEC and AICPA start to promote continuous auditing. According to the definition of Institute of International Auditors, continuous auditing is considered as a method used to perform control and risk assessments automatically on a more frequent basis. This study is to examine critical factors of continuous auditing system adoption based on diffusion of innovation theory. The integrated model was conducted on four constructs (including characteristics of continuous auditing systems, organizational characteristics, environmental characteristics, and characteristics of CEO) and fourteen factors are included. We issued questionnaires to internal auditors in the Institute of Internal Auditors-Chinese Taiwan’s June activities (issued 385 and obtained 176 usable questionnaires). The usable response rate is 45.72%. The discriminant analysis results indicate that relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, observability, costs, information intensity, investors’ expectation, transparency, CEO attitude toward innovation, and CEO attitude toward continuous auditing system are those critical factors.
Keywords: Continuous auditing, diffusion of innovation theory, Organizational Characteristics, Information Systems Adoption
Hwang Ing-san
Fan Tsu-yeh
Lee Hsiang-ming
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to investigate the information searching behavior using an example of office computer networking system from buyer center members’ perspective. The study illustrated that respondents which has more objective product knowledge, their information searching behavior is more frequent. The relationship between the subjective product knowledge which the respondents have and their information searching is inverted-U shaped curve. The involvement of the respondents is negative related with the information searching The result is helpful for service providers to understand the customers’ information searching behavior and are useful to deliver messages to buyer center members.
Keywords: Buyer center, Subjective product knowledge, Objective product knowledge, Involvement, Information searching.
蔡佩芳 賴維祥 林清一
國立成功大學航空太空工程研究所
摘要
飛航安全關乎人們生命財產安全，因此它本身的績效就是一個非常值得關注的問題。本研究通過對九家航空公司的問卷調查，用資料包絡分析法得出各個航空公司飛航安全相對效率。本研究旨在對於飛航安全績效做一個較為系統地研究，同時在參考大量文獻及飛航資料的基礎上，將投入項定位於四個主要影響飛航安全的因素，分別為軟體因素、硬體因素、人為因素以及環境因素，而產生項定位於一項安全效率。
本研究通過描述性分析、安全效率分析、差額分析以及敏感度分析對於不同經營範圍之航空公司以及個別航空公司之飛航安全績效進行比較，從而分析至每一層級以及每一家航空公司在安全績效方面所存在的問題。從而可以對於不同層級之航空公司以及不同個體採取不同改進方案。通過本研究發現，經營範圍較大之航空公司以及規模較大、實力較強之航空公司其飛航安全績效明顯高於經營範圍較小以及規模較小、實力較弱之航空公司。另外，本研究還發現不同航空公司影響其安全績效的主要因素並不相同，因此，管理者在致力於提高本公司飛航安全績效時應當具有針對性地採取措施。
關鍵字：飛航安全、資料包絡分析法、安全績效
A Study of the Critical Success Factors on Culture Creative Industry Internationalization
-Taking PiLi Puppetry Theater as an Example
謝介仁
長榮大學 國際企業(系)所 副教授
王一鳴
長榮大學 國際企業(系)所 助理教授
劉薰蕙
長榮大學 國際企業所
Chich-Jen Shieh
Chang Jung Christian University,
Department of International Business Management, Associate Professor
I-Ming Wang
Chang Jung Christian University,
Department of International Business Management, Assistant Professor
Shiun-huei Liu
Chang Jung Christian University,
Graduate School of International Business, Student
摘要
台灣的文化創意產業該如何成功發展，有許多學者提出相關的研究，而本研究更是整理出不同學者的相關文獻及各國政府運用得當的政策的關鍵成功因素，運用台灣特有的文化創意產業—霹靂布袋戲跨入國際舞台。
本研究將應用層級架構來評量文化創意產業國際化關鍵成功因素之優先順序，以採用層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）的方式來進行問卷調查結果統計整理，並求取各評估指標間之權重值。
本研究希能在最終找出影響文化創意產業國際化的關鍵成功因素的重要度，以供未來政府、產業、學界和後續研究之參考。透過層級分析法的運用，期盼能精確地知道關鍵成功因素為何，讓後續政府、產業、學界或學者在研究分析上有以判斷的文獻依據。
關鍵字：文化創意產業、國際化、關鍵成功因素、層級分析法
Game Theoretical Analysis Trade System Policy Choice
Chen-Kuo Lee
Ling Tung University Institution of International Business Associate Professor
Chen-Wei Chang
Ling Tung University Institution of International Business Graduate student
ABSTRACT
Under current interdependent and concerted international conditions, a nation has to think over the games of specific beneficial organizations when choosing trade policies, it also has to take reflection from international economic organizations and some other counties into account.We find that, the result of Nash-equilibrium of gaming on choosing trade policies decides that, managed trade is the second best choice when different countries find if difficult for them to arrive at the best aims. It is regarded as the system arrangement, with the help of which a country adapts itself to fit for international economic development, maximize itself to participate international work division.The connotation of the theory of managed trade has both free trade and protective trade. It has its own peculiar working mechanism, too. Different countries select the policy of managed trade, which can maximize their own benefit according to international economic circumstances, their own status in the circumstance, factor endowments, technology and prospective benefit, and the change of other countries trade policy. Besides, difficult countries choose different managed trade policies. That is to say, difficult counties have different preference because of path dependent.
Keyword: trade policy、game theory、Nash equilibrium
以結構方程模式探討組織創新與智慧資本之因果關係─以中科院與工研院為例
Using Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Causality between
Organizational Innovation and Intellectual Capital: A Case of CSIST and ITRI
林麗雪
明新科技大學企業管理系副教授
張鎧麟
明新科技大學企業管理系碩士生
Li-Hsueh Lin
Department of Business Administration
Minghsin University of Science and Technology
Kai-Lin Chang
Department of Business Administration
Minghsin University of Science and Technology
摘 要
由於全球化與價值觀念多元化，知識、經驗與技術之整合已成為企業的重要能力。企業必須持續創造新知識，並將這些知識深入且廣泛的傳遞給組織的所有成員，有效增加智慧資本，以獲得競爭優勢。本研究旨在探討組織創新對智慧資本之因果關係，透過結構方程模式（SEM）進行兩階段驗證法，探討組織創新對智慧資本之因果關係。本研究以中科院與工研院為研究對象，針對兩機構之員工發放問卷，共回收228 份有效樣本。組織創新可分為管理創新與技術創新兩個次構面；智慧資本則可分為人力資本、結構資本與關係資本三個次構面。研究架構以組織創新的兩個次構面研究架構對智慧資本的三個次構面之影響。實證結果顯示管理創新對人力資本、結構資本與關係資本之影響皆不顯著；技術創新對人力資本、結構資本與關係資本存在正向影響。顯示當組織創新程度愈高，愈能創造更多的智慧資本。對研究機構而言，技術創新對智慧資本的影響遠重要於管理創新。
關鍵字：組織創新、智慧資本、結構方程式、中科院、工研院
ABSTRACT
Because of globalization and diversification of values, the integration of knowledge, experience and technology has become the important capability for companies. Companies must continually create new knowledge that can be quickly turned to new technology or products and transfer these knowledge to the members belonging to the organizations. These will make corporations create more intellectual capital (IC) to gain competitive advantages. This research aims to know the relationship between Organizational Innovation (OI) and IC by adapting the method of the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and by examining the causality of OI and IC in a two-step test. The 300 subjects who answer of the survey are the employees of Chung-shan Institute of Science and Technology and Industrial Technology Research Institute in Taiwan. The surveys are 228 effective samples received. The questionnaire consists of a set OI sections and IC sections. OI consists of two sub-dimensions, Administer Innovation (AI) and Technique Innovation (TI). IC consists of three sub-dimensions, Human Capital (HC), Structural Capital (SC) and Relation Capital (RC). Model is the causality of two sub-dimensions of OI and three dimensions of sub-dimensions of IC. The result of this study shows that OI has a significant positive influence on IC. AI has respectively no significant influence on HC, SC and RC. However, TI has respectively significant influence on HC, SC and RC. To conclude, this study indicates that the higher OI is gained, the more IC can be created. To the two research organizations, the influence on IC from TI is greater than that from AI.
Keywords: Organizational Innovation, Intellectual Capital, SEM, CSIST, ITRI
供應商權力來源對通路績效的影響─以通路目標成員之關係承諾為中介變數
The Influence of Supplier’s Power Source on Channel Performance：
The Mediating Effect of Target Member’s Relationship Commitment
梁世安 Liang, Shih-An
國立臺北大學企業管理學系教授
陳明倫 Chen, Ming-Lun
國立臺北大學企業管理學系碩士研究生
摘要
在現今激烈的產業競爭環境中，企業產品銷售的成敗與其通路績效的良窳有著密不可分的關係。尤其在全球化的浪潮下，產業的競爭已經由單一國家、地區擴大到跨國、跨文化領域的競爭，而更增添通路經營的困難度。本研究係從通路權力的角度探討上游供應商的權力來源對於下游經銷商權力認知及通路關係承諾之影響；並以經銷商通路關
係承諾為中介變數，探討上游供應商權力對於通路績效之影響。在此觀念架構下，以台灣地區液晶電視經銷商通路，包括3C 通路、家電通路、連鎖量販、傳統家電經銷商、品牌直營店、AV 影音專門店等為研究對象。研究假說之確證係使用結構方程模式(SEM)分析。本研究預期假說之確證可以得到支持，即「目標成員的關係承諾」對於「目標成員所認知的來源成員權力」對「通路績效」之影響具調節效果。基於上述假說之確證，上游供應商應妥善應用其「權力來源」，以強化下游經銷商對其權力之認知及關係承諾以進一步促進通路績效。
關鍵詞：通路權力、權力來源、關係承諾、通路績效
ABSTRACT
In this very competitive industrial environment, the sales performance of a company is closely related to that of its sales marketing channel. Considering the impact of globalization, the company has to face the challenges not only form the local market but also the competition coming from other countries and cultural background. All the factors combined, it makes the marketing channel management even more difficult than in the past. This study explores, from the viewpoint of channel power, the relationship among the supplier’s power source, the attributed power perceived by the target member, the target member’s relationship commitment and channel performance in general; the mediating effect of the target member’s relationship commitment in specific. On the basis of this conceptual framework, the proposed model is tested from samples collected from liquid crystal display TV dealer channels, in Taiwan market, in which it includes 3C chain stores, home appliance chain stores, hypermarkets, traditional home appliances dealers, brand regular chains, and AV stores. The research hypothesis is analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) for confirmation. The hypothesis is expected to be supported and the result shows that the influence of supplier’s power source on channel performance is mediated by the effect of target member’s relationship commitment. Based on the above confirmation, the supplier should enforce its power source to strengthen target member’s commitment to the marketing channel and so as to improve the channel performance.
Keywords: channel power; power source; relationship commitment; channel performance
Identifying the critical themes of new product development research from social
network perspective
余國訓
遠東科技大學行銷與流通管理系
王堂亭
長榮大學經營管理所
李元墩
長榮大學經營管理所
Kuo-Hsun Yu
Department of Marketing and Logistics Management, Far East University
Tang-Ting Wang
Graduate School of Business and Operations Management, Chang Jung Christian University
Yuan-Duen Lee
Graduate School of Business and Operations Management, Chang Jung Christian University
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to identify the critical themes of new product development research. Based on social network perspective, citation, co-citation analysis and social network analysis techniques are used to investigate the intellectual pillars of the new product development literature. By analyzing 17,310 citations of 400 articles published in SSCI and SCI journals in new product development area between 1999 and 2008, this study maps a knowledge network of new product development studies. The results help profile the knowledge network production in new product development and provide important insights on the change of research paradigm of current new product development studies.
Keywords: New product development, social network analysis, intellectual structure, knowledge network
洪湘欽Sean Hung
義守大學工業工程與管理學系
江瑞誠Anson Chiang
義守大學工業工程與管理學系
陳麗如Li-Ju Chen
遠東科技大學企業管理學系
摘要
在 21 世紀裡，六標準差是最有效力的突破性管理工具，尤其帶領奇異(GE)公司重新開啟巔峰的一頁，因此成為奇異(GE)公司最重要的管理措施。在六標準差改善循環中的DMAIC，代表著定義、衡量、分析、改善和控制。DMAIC 改善循環帶企業進入低錯誤
的時代，藉著特殊的手法重新改善流程，因此缺點和錯誤的再發生率可望降到最低。未來是知識與技術的競爭的時代，知識管理成為知識經濟時代企業經營策略的核心，在知識經濟時代中，誰能夠掌握知識和技術，就能掌握未來的競爭力，故有效的知識管理是企業獲勝的重要關鍵之一。
本研究主要採用質性研究（Qualitative Study）方式，針對業界有相關專案經驗的專業人士進行深度訪談（In-depth Interview）。依據其訪談內容加以開發問卷. 並例用統計方法進行研究分析，包含項目分析、信度分析、效度分析及相關分析等，進行驗證。
關鍵詞：六標準差管理、知識管理質性研究
ABSTRACT
6σ is the most powerful breakthrough management tool in 21 century. Especially it helped GE turn over a new leaf, so it becomes GE’s most important guideline of management. One of the improving cycles of 6σ is DMAIC, meaning Define / Measure / Analyze / Improve / Control. The DMAIC improving cycle guides companies into making fewer mistakes in everything they do. It also provides specific methods to re-create the process so that defects and errors never arise in the first place.
There will be competition concerning knowledge and technology in the future. Knowledge Management is the core strategy of business management in the ages of Knowledge-based economy. In the age of Knowledge-based economy, those who master knowledge and technology will take control of the competitive future. Effective knowledge management is one of the most important key to win.
In-depth interview of qualitative study with professional had experience of project in Produce industry. Base on the content of discussion to create questionnaire. We provide 400 surveys and received 144 effective samples. We then used various analytic methods, which included item analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, relativity analysis to certify the research effectiveness and hypotheses.
The result shows that the Six Sigma management and Knowledge Management can strengthen competition ability of enterprise.
Keywords: Six Sigma Management, Knowledge Management, Qualitative study
Using FlexSim to Construct the Simulation Model for Paper Bag Making Machine
盧佳玲
南台科技大學工業管理研究所 研究生
陳禎祥
遠東科技大學企業管理系 教授
胡偉瑜
廣名資訊社 專案經理
楊玉霜
遠東科技大學企業管理系 研究助理
賴柏穎
遠東科技大學創新與創業管理研究所 研究生
Chia-Lin Lu
Graduate student, Graduate Institute of Industrial Management,
Southern Taiwan University
Jen-Shiang Chen
Professor, Department of Business Administration,
Far East University
Yu-Shuang Yang
Research Assistant, Department of Business Administration,
Far East University
Wei-Yu Hu
Project Manager, Quanta Storage Information Club
Research Assistant, Department of Business Administration,
Far East University
Bo-Ying Lai
Graduate student, Department of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Management,
Far East University
摘要
本論文探討紙袋製造機台的訂單生產排程，此製袋機台為製袋流程的瓶頸機台，其訂單生產之前置準備時間長，前置作業既多且雜，包括更換油墨、更換版面、更換捲數、止滑設定、點膠調整設定、沖孔設定、寬度調整設定、厚度調整設定、袋口型式設定及試車調整等共十項，本研究利用FlexSim 模擬軟體進行製袋機生產排程模擬，並考量以製袋數量及客戶交期兩種派工法則進行生產排程模擬，測試結果發現以客戶交期越短優先排定生產可得到較小的平均延遲時間。
關鍵字：模擬、排程、製袋機
ABSTRACT
This article discusses the order scheduling in paper bag making machine. The paper bag making machine is a bottleneck of the paper bag making process. Long setup times and many setup operations are needed for the paper bag making machine. These setup operations include: (1) change the ink, (2) change the layout of printed page, (3) change the number of paper-rolls, (4) anti-slip setting, (5) glue setting, (6) punching setting, (7) adjust the width, (8) adjust the thickness, (9) pocket type setting, and (10) pilot run. This study employs the simulation software FlexSim to simulate the production of the paper bag making machine. Two dispatching rules, including least bags first and earliest due date, are used to assign the order to the paper bag making machine. The performance measure is mean tardiness of all orders. Simulation results reveal that the earliest due date is better than least bags first.
Keywords: simulation, scheduling, paper bag making machine
「鴉片還是維他命?」—工作熱情與工作狂傾向之關係與影響性研究
“Is Passion Opium or Vitamins ?” :
A Study of the Influence of Passion on Work and Workaholism
方祥明
靜宜大學企業管理學系 助理教授
蔡玉華
台中縣永寧國小 教師
趙勁筑
靜宜大學企業管理學系 碩士班研究生
Hsiang-Ming Fang
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Providence University
Yu-Hua Tsai
Teacher, Yung-Ning Elementary School
Chin-Chu Chao
Postgraduate, Graduate Institute of Business Administration, Providence University
摘要
熱情的效應有正面也有負面，過度熱情會讓人上了癮，就如同吸食鴉片一般，不做會感到痛苦，例如典型的工作狂。適度的熱情，能夠讓人更有活力，更願意工作，工作的更快樂，就像維他命一樣帶給人們所需的營養補充。工作熱情到底可以為人們帶來正面的還是負面的影響呢?工作熱情是否可能形成工作狂? 過去少有對熱情與工作狂之間的相關性研究，此為本研究之主要動機。
本研究嘗試探討工作熱情與工作狂傾向之間的關聯性，並以正負面不同觀點，探討工作熱情與工作狂傾向對工作需要、工作-生活衝突、創造力與身心健康產生的影響，以及不同類型的工作狂之間的影響是否有顯著差異存在。研究目的除了要建構這些因素構念間的關係模式外，也期望能夠以正負面不同的觀點，提供工作熱情及工作狂傾向研究的新方向。
本研究首先根據研究的背景與動機，蒐集相關文獻，進行閱讀、彙整與探討分析，以尋求初步的研究概念、變數構念。其次，藉由文獻探討結論確認欲研究的變數構念與相互關係，並建立實證研究架構和建構研究量表，且提出十四項研究假設，隨後，針對351位高科技產業的員工，採問卷調查方式蒐集資料進行實證研究，以驗證研究假設，並提出研究結論，以及本研究結論在學術上與實務上的意涵與建議。
關鍵字：工作熱情、工作狂傾向、工作滿意、工作-生活衝突、員工創造力、身心健康
ABSTRACT
Passions affect people in both positive and negative manners. With the excessive passion, people become addicted to work as if an opium smoker addicted to opium. A typical workaholism feels desperate if he is not working. With the appropriate passion, people are more willing to work and they will work happier, just like the nutrition supplemented by vitamins. Does the passion at work impose influence on people positively or negatively? Will passion possibly become workaholism? Few researchers have studied the correlation between passion at work and workaholisim. Therefore, this study intends to concentrate on this area. This study attempts to explore the relationship between passion at work and workaholism preference and, furthermore, discuss the effects created by passion at work and workaholism preference based upon the positive and negative standpoints together with whether a significant level of difference exists among various types of workaholism thereby construct the relationship model for these factors and concepts and, meanwhile, set a path for the study on work-passion and workaholic preference from both positive and negative viewpoints.
This study begins with the background and motives behind the research, followed by archives gathering, reading, summarization, and analysis thereby identify the preliminary concepts and variables. Secondly, the variables and relationships to be studied are identified via the conclusions derived from the discussion on the archives; empirical research structure and quantitative questionnaire are developed together with fourteen hypotheses. Then, 351 hi-tech industrial employees are surveyed via questionnaire for empirical research and, meanwhile, the hypotheses are examined.
Finally, this study presents recommendations to the subsequent researchers, in addition to the theoretic implications and field research stated in the conclusions.
KeyWords: passion at work, workaholism, work-satisfaction, work-life conflicts, employees’ creativity, physical/mental health
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment:
The Mediation Effect of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Quality
陳青勇
國立台南大學教育經營與管理研究所 博士候選人
台中縣立中平國民中學 校長
Ching Yung Chen
Doctoral Graduate Student, Graduate Institute of Educational Entrepreneurship
and Management, National University of Tainan
Principle of Chung Ping Junior High School, Taichung County
No.300, Taiping Rd., Taiping City, Taichung County 411, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
摘要
本研究欲驗證國民中學教師知覺校長轉型領導行為，分別對教師組織承諾、校長與教師交換品質的影響。其次，本研究欲檢測校長與教師交換品質對教師組織承諾的影響。再者，本研究也欲檢驗校長與教師交換品質是否會對「校長轉型領導行為影響教師組織承諾」的路徑中產生中介效果。本研究採問卷調查法，其受測對象為台中縣公立國
民中學279位正式教師。
結果顯示國民中學教師知覺校長轉型領導行為對教師組織承諾沒有顯著的正向影響，然而校長轉型領導行為與教師組織承諾之間有顯著的正相關，與顯著的間接影響效果。其次，校長轉型領導行為對校長與教師交換品質，以及校長與教師交換品質對教師組織承諾，皆有顯著的正向影響。再者，校長與教師交換品質會對「校長轉型領導行為影響教師組織承諾」的路徑中產生完全中介效果，亦即國民中學教師知覺校長的轉型領導行為越高，將增進其與校長的交換品質，進而提升其對學校的組織承諾感。最後，本研究依據重要結論，詮釋國民中學校長的轉型領導的意涵，並提出一些建議。
關鍵詞：轉型領導、組織承諾、LMX 交換品質
ABSTRACT
This study attempts to verify the impact of the principal’s transformational leadership perceived by junior high school teachers on teachers’ organizational commitment and on leader-member exchange (LMX) quality between the principal and teachers. Also, the impact of the LMX quality on teachers’ organizational commitment is tested. At last, attempts to verify the mediation effect of LMX quality between the principal and teachers on the impact of principal’s transformational leadership on teachers’ organizational commitment. The methodology is the questionnaire survey and the subjects are 279 formal engaged teachers of public junior high schools in Taichung County.
The results indicate that there is no positive impact between the principal’s transformational leadership perceived by junior high school teachers and teachers’ organizational commitment whereas there is a positive correlation between the principal’s transformational leadership and teachers’ organizational commitment and with an indirect effect. Secondary, there is a positive impact of the principal’s transformational leadership on LMX quality and LMX quality on junior high school teachers’ organizational commitment. Moreover, there is a perfect mediation effect of LMX quality for the impact of principal’s transformational leadership on teachers’ organizational commitment; that is, the higher perception of junior high school teachers for principal’s transformational leadership promotes LMX quality with the principal which further advances teachers’ organizational commitment to schools. Finally, based on key conclusions, this study interprets the implications of junior high principals’ transformational leadership and proposes some suggestions.
Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Organizational Commitment, LMX Quality
Explore the business-major students' attitude and motivation in participation in
the examinations of the professional certificates from the cognition viewpoint
鄭碧月
台南科技大學財務金融系 助理教授
萬金生
南台科技大學餐旅管理系 教授
Cheng Pei-Yueh
Department of Finance, Tainan University of Technology
Wan Chin-Sheng
Department of Hospitality Management, Southern Taiwan University
摘要
證照考試愈來愈受重視，透過國家考試取得證照已成為專業人士必走的歷程。從教育的觀點，冀望能藉由準備的過程，提昇學生的學習態度進而充實專業知識，所以了解學生參與證照的動機與態度相形重要了。本研究主要目的在於從動機的多元化角度探討學生對參加證照考試的動機層面，並從動機取向的態度改變理論，檢驗其可能的改變之道。研究一以認知取向的動機觀點，檢驗學生對參加證照考試的動機究竟內在激勵物或外在激勵物何者影響較大？結果，針對取得證照者與未取得證照者進行內外動機的比較，如理論預期，取得證照者其內在動機(M=3.97)顯著大於外部動機(M=3.45)；未取得證照者其內在動機(M=3.51)顯著低於外部動機(M=3.84)。研究二採用調查法以檢驗影響外在辯解因子(包括獎勵、承諾程度、後果的責任、努力或代價投入程度、自由決定)，
對於學生對參加證照考試的態度。結果，迴歸分析的整體模式預測力適當，可以得知努力或代價投入、後果的責任、承諾程度以及獎勵滿意度均為顯著預測變項，這四種方法，可以提供學校推動學生證照考試時為重要的參考。
關鍵詞：內在動機、外部動機、證照考試、態度、辯解因子
ABSTRACT
Under the circumstances that the government demands to build the system of the professional certificates, the examinations for those certificates have been paid a lot attention. Those certificates are regarded as the required enrollment by a lot of enterprises as well as the professional competence. The changes have impelled many colleges and universities to encourage their students to take the exams of the professional certificates at school. The purpose of this study is to explore the business-major students’ attitude and motivation in participation in the examinations of the professional certificates from the cognition-oriented motive viewpoint. The mixed qualitative and quantitative methods will be applied to identify and specify what kinds of those students’ motivation underlying their examinations of the professional certificates in order to provide an efficient strategy for them to take and pass the examinations of professional certificates. Study 1, using survey, will be fully used to discriminate differences in internal and external encouragements between the perspective students with certificates and without certificates. Results the internal motivation (M=3.97) whose students with certificates greater significantly external motivation (M=3.45), the internal motivation (M=3.51) whose students without certificates lower significantly external motivation (M=3.84). Study 2 examines whether the impacts of external justification upon the attitude changes (reward, free will of decision, responsibility, commitment, and effort or cost involvement) will be associated with the students’ attitude of participating in the professional certificates. The findings indicated that reward satisfaction, effort, responsibility, and commitment are predicative independent variable toward participants’ attitudes. The results imply four tactics for enhancing students’ attitudes on professional certificates: optimal reward accompanied with subjective satisfaction, reminding faculty of involved effort, responsibility and commitment.
Keywords: Internal motivation, External motivation, Professional certificates, Attitude, Justification factors
Pecking order theoretic determinants of debt levels: evidence from Taiwan
Shun-Yu Chen
Department of Business Administration Chang Jung Christian University
Li-Ju Chen
Department of Business Administration Far East University
Hsiang-Chin Hung
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management I-Shou University
ABSTRACT
The pecking order theory of capital structure is one of the most influential theories of corporate finance. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between pecking order factors and the debt level of Taiwan’s electronic firms. Generalized least squares model is used to estimate the regression model. This study examines the determinants of debt decisions for 137 Taiwan electronic companies that are quoted on the Taiwan Stock Exchange for the 4-year period of 2004-2007.The results indicate that the determinants of total leverage are profitability, growth, tax and size. The negative relation of profitability and debt level implies that firms probably prefer to use these earnings to finance their activities and thus use less debt capital. In the short-term financing decisions, the important determinants are tax, assets structure, and profitability. There is negative relation between margin tax rate and debt level. It indicates that the use of debt has tax shield but also increase the firm’s bankruptcy risk. The important determinants of long-term leverage are assets structure, tax and profitability. The relation between assets structure and debt level is positive. The assets structure ratio shows the ability of the firm to deal with its long-term debt. This consists with the pecking order theory.
Keywords: Corporate finances, Capital structure, Pecking order, Taiwan
Using saliency analysis for salient features selection in business crisis diagnosis
Huey-Der Hsiao
Pin-Fenn Chou
Horng-Cherng Shiau
Department of Business Administration, Far East University
ABSTRACT
A business crisis affects not only the rights and interests of stake holders, but also causes a series of crises in collaboration systems and supply chains. Furthermore, these situations cause considerable loss and damage to society in general. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a diagnostic model for business crises and determine their warning signs to help business managers prepare earlier counter measures. This study uses a saliency analysis as a diagnostic model for business crises.
This study then selects 12 salient features and business manager can apply to the 12 significant features in the diagnostic model, improving both efficiency and effectiveness.
Results indicate that 12 features for business crises diagnosis are based on the indicators of an appropriately reduced number of feature variables should be quite helpful in improving the accuracy of diagnostic models. This research identifies the 12t features with significant sensitivity to business crises using a diagnostic model. These can be used by firms for self-diagnosis and evaluation.
Keyword: business crisis, features, saliency analysis
Applying GIS to analyze the location of convenience store–The case of Tainan Annpin
Shwuhuey Wang
Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Far East University
Ph.D Student, Department of Business Education, National Changhua University of Education
Juling Yu
Associate Professor, Department of Real Estate, Kun Shan University
ABSTRACT
Convenience store has become the mainstream of retailing industry in the recent years, therefore, a proper store location will be the key factor to success. Based on the theory of store location, the present study employed geographic information system (GIS) to be the analyzing tool and chose the case of Tainan Annpin to conduct a three-stage location choosing for convenience store. The first stage is the basic screening, which includes the adjacent competitor’s location, the zoning of the land and the road’s width; the second stage is the evaluation of the weighted terms, which includes the corner location, rent and population density; the third stage is the analysis of demanding threshold, which means the amount population of the certain extent. After the evaluation of the three stage, the potential proper location for a convenience is obtained.
The study concluded that after systematic analysis, the location will increase the successful probability of the convenience store. Through the facilitation of the useful tool, GIS, the analyst may integrate the related information more efficiently.
Keywords: geographic information system (GIS), convenience store, location
The Selection Equal-Differences Rings for Packet Transmissions in Optical Star Networks
JungChun Liu
Chun-Chi Lin
Ming-Chin Hwu
ABSTRACT
In WDM optical star networks with N transceivers, we construct the new logical topology, equal-difference ring, for solving the all-to-all broadcast problem efficiently and simply. When minimize the number of rings created in multi-hop scheduling, the schedule length and the tuning rang on optical components are also reduced. When N is prime, our objective is to select just logical rings among N-1 equal-difference rings for multi-hop scheduling as small as possible. The problem is called the Equal-Difference Rings Chosen problem (_-EDRC problem), where _ is the maximum hop distance for each packet transmission. For the 2-EDRC problem there exists an optimal solution with 
rings on some conditions. Moreover, the upper bound of 2-EDRC problem is obtained as 
.
Keywords: WDM Optical Star Networks ,All-to-All Broadcast Problem, Equal-Difference Ring, Equal-Difference Rings Chosen (EDRC) problem, Multi-hop Scheduling
The influence factors of manufacturers’ opportunism: Dimensions’ further exploration
Su-Yin Lin
Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Far East University
Shueh-Chin Ting
Associate Professor, Graduate Institute of Educational Entrepreneurship and Management,
National University of Tainan
Tung-Yin Lee
Master, Graduate Institute of Technology Management
ABSTRACT
Using the supply chain management, establishing the close partnership, reducing the cost, and then raises management performance, has become the issue which enterprises most care about. Thus, this research aims to investigate the domestic manufacturing industry, and focuses on the discussion of opportunism. Most research in the past emphasized the influence of some constructs on opportunism, for example, the asset specificity, the environmental uncertainty, trust, commitment; few research explore dimensions in those constructs. Therefore, the research is focusing on the influence of dimensions of the asset specificity, the uncertainty, and the information asymmetry on opportunism in order to offer the enterprises having suitable policy when they are managing supply chain. The research uses the investigation method, in all mails out 350 questionnaires, acquires 96 effective questionnaires, and effective return ratio is 27.42%. Research hypotheses are tested by multiple regressions.
The main results are as follows:
1. Visible and invisible specificity investments between upstream supplier and downstream manufacturer have significant influences on overall specificity investment.
2. Demand uncertainty and supply uncertainty between upstream supplier and downstream manufacturer have significant influences on overall uncertainty.
3. Strategic information asymmetry and operational information asymmetry between upstream supplier and downstream manufacturer have significant influences on overall information asymmetry.
4. The overall specificity investment, the overall uncertainty, and the overall information asymmetry have significant influences on opportunism in cooperation relationship between upstream supplier and downstream manufacturer.
Keywords: Asset Specificity, Uncertainty, Information Asymmetry, Opportunism
Chu Shao-Tuso
Feng Min-Hui
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to investigate customers’ purchase intentions of organic agricultural products and the factors that influence it. Research questionnaire was applied to test four hypotheses that reflected the research question.A total of 400 participants were included in the study.Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were performed with SPSS and LISREL to analyze the data.
Keywords: Organic agricultural products, Green consumption , Consumer behaviour , Purchase intention
Effects Of Background Music Stlye For Browsing Behavior On Shopping Website
Chien-Jung Lai
Associate Professor, Department of Distribution Management,
National Chin-Yi University of Technology
Yung-Lin Chen
The Graduate Institute of Distribution Management,
National Chin-Yi University of Technology
Yu-Jin Su
The Graduate Institute of Distribution Management,
National Chin-Yi University of Technology
ABSTRACT
This study adopted laboratory experiment to explored the effect of background music for browser on shopping websites. The independent variables were the website category (3C information web, tourism web) and the background music style(no music, classical music, pop music). The dependent variables were the recall correct percentage, fixation time, fixation number, mean fixation duration and subjective rating. The gaze tracking system was conducted to collect the eye movement data. A questionnaire surrey was used to collect the subjective rating measures. Results showed that the shopping website with background music can affect subjects’ recall in browsing product information. The music style of shopping website make the different response for browser. The combination of pop music and 3C information website can increase browser’s attention, browsing time and recall correct percentage of product information.
Keywords：Visual attention、Background Music、Shopping websites
Consumer Intention of Pre-paid Merchandise based on the Theory of Reasoned Action
Chin-Yuan Chen
Department of Finance and Banking, Kun Shan University, Senior Lecturer
Chia-Mei Shih
Department of Business Administration, Kun Shan University, associate professor
Yi-Wei Chen
Department of Business Administration, Kun Shan University, Graduate student
ABSTRACT
This study applies Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)to examine the effect of personal innovativeness, demographic variables, perceived risk, perceived utility and trust on the pre-paid merchandise, and the influence of consumer’s attitude and subjective norm on intention of pre-paid merchandise. A survey of 485 consumers of convenience chain stores reveals that (1)attitude and subjective norm positively affect the intention of pre-paid merchandise, (2)consumer’s perceived risk negatively affects the attitude toward pre-paid merchandise, (3)age and marriage significantly affects the attitude toward pre-paid merchandise, (4)personal innovativeness positively affects on the attitude toward pre-paid merchandise, i5jperceived utility of pre-paid merchandise positively affects the attitude toward pre-paid merchandise, (6)consumer’s trust positively affects the attitude toward pre-paid merchandise.
Keyword: TRA, personal innovativeness, perceived risk, perceived utility, trust
Weiping Hu
Department of Cosmetic Applications & Management, Far East University
Mei-Li Chou
Department of Marketing and Logistics Management, Far East University
Ya-Ling Chen
Department of Marketing and Logistics Management, Hsing Kuo University of Management
Chien-Jiu Chen
Graduate Institute of Management, Ching Yun University
ABSTRACT
This paper would develop and design a cost evaluation system for the local supply chain to fulfill different demands customer that the cooperative enterprise would face. The rough set theory would be introduced to select different supply chain members. In order to provide the appropriate quality and cost, the cost factor analysis would be proposed to meet specific customer's demand. The overall process would be used to offer the cooperative manufacturer's cost to assess decision, and increase the elasticity of small and medium enterprise.
The rough set theory would be very powerful in dealing with similarly or indiscernible information. Therefore, the combination of the core company and its cooperative manufacturers would be designed as the universe set ( _ _ m U x x ... x 1 2_ ), and each unit cost would be designed as the attribute set ( _ _ 1 2 3 4 A _ a a a a ). Among them: the element 1 a would be the average unit of the labor cost, the element 2 a as the average unit of the transportation cost, the element 3 a as the average unit of the original material cost, and the element 4 a would be set the average unit of loss and other cost. Then, utilizing “High“ to represent that it is higher average unit cost, “Medium” would be used to the medium-sized unit's average unit cost, and “Low” would be the low average unit cost. The indiscernibility relation table would be formed. By applying the Boolean algebra, the discernibility function f x i m i ( ), _ 1,2,..., would be deduced.
In order to response of customer's demand, this paper would design the decision rule as the customer needs. By choosing the key attribute associated with attribute set A , the decision table would be formulated. Therefore, the cost evaluation system would be well developed. The selected supply chain member could offer best construction quality of demands to this customer with accepting the cost, and obtain the largest profit. On the other hand, the cooperative core company would provide the exact cost of every supply chain member on practice, and the whole operation procedure would be discussed in this paper.
Keywords: Local Supply Chain, Rough Set, Universe, Indiscernibility Relation Table, Discernibility Function
A Study for Promoting Community Building with Sustainable Development Planning
Yi-Chun Liu
Student, Department of Natural Resources, Chinese Culture University
Tsu-Kuang Hsieh
Assistant professor, Department of Natural Resources, Chinese Culture University
Jia-Yu Lin
Student ,Department of Natural Resources, Chinese Culture University
Han-Lin Hsieh
Research assistant, Department of Natural Resources, Chinese Culture University
ABSTRACT
Along with the economic development and social progress, people raise the demand for the quality of life. But under the circumstance of a finite natural resources supply and demand increasing, how to make urban and rural balanced, long-term and stable development will become an important issue. The sustainable development, therefore, has apparently become the joint efforts and cannot ignore the future directions for the international communities. In order to achieve this target, for the ageing population and economic structure changes are urgent issues at this moment. The development of a community, however, will face to the phase of growth, stagnation and recession etc al. This study expects to break through community development which faces stagnation and decline of bottleneck, so that the rural could have further development space.
In order to solve the problem of the community itself, both the central and local government makes related plans to solve community problems. The purpose of community building is to take the fostering residents’ cohesion power. Alliance to face the community life and that residents and the government may jointly to participate in programs to enhance the quality of life. Sustainable development can be divided into economic, social and environmental etc al. three important direction, this three sections are going to be selected for this topic. The main method is going to use the questionnaire, hypothesis testing and smile curve to understand sustainable development of rural residents for cognition, understanding and sustainable development for residents of the impact of life. This study expects to implement for the sustainable development planning strategy, make the residents to participate in rural development to foster cohesion and the feeling of dedication and residents.
Keywords : sustainable development, community building, assumptions and determination, smile curve
The Study of Antecedents of Consumer Value for Far East Fruit Vinegar
周雅燕 Ya-Yen Chou
遠東科技大學行銷與流通管理系 助理教授
郭依婷Yi- Ting Kuo
遠東科技大學創新與創業管理所 研究生
摘要
本文的主要目的是以遠東科大自行研發的水果醋為例，探討包裝機能和生活型態與消費者間的前置因素；本文對包裝機能、生活型態、消費者價值進行文獻回顧，並以量化研究進行實證。本研究結果發現包裝機能與生活型態對消費者價值持有正向影響，最後，針對研究結果提出理論與管理之意涵。
關鍵字：包裝機能、生活型態、消費者價值
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this paper is based on the fruit vinegar of Far East Science and Technology Institute researches and develops voluntarily. The study will research the front factors of packaging function and lifestyle to consumer. In this paper, will literature review about packaging function, lifestyle, consumer values, and to quantify the empirical studies. The results of this study found that packaging function and life style of consumers holding a positive effect on the value. Finally, the results for the study of theory and management implications.
Keywords：Packaging function, lifestyle, consumer values
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