衰退產業經營策略之研究—以木竹製品業為例

A RESEARCH ON STRATEGY OF DECLINING INDUSTRY – CASES OF WOOD AND BAMBOO INDUSTRY IN TAIWAN

陳志遠　洪小婷 

國立雲林科技大學企業管理系 

Chih-Yuan Chen　Hsiao-Ting Hung 

Department of Business Administration National Yun-lin University of Science & Technology

摘要

　　企業所處產業會面臨生命週期之階段，本研究探討衰退之傳統產業廠商的經營策略作為，分析比較外移與不外移廠商的經營策略，經由16家木竹製品業廠商的個案研究，將個案廠商分為四種類型，發現其有不同的經營方式，且不同的廠商在競爭策略、國際市場進入策略之類型與影響因素、轉型策略上有所差異，本研究歸納出衰退產業經營策略相關之推演與未來發展途徑，用以建立衰退產業經營管理相關之理論。

關鍵字：衰退產業、經營策略、個案研究

ABSTRACT

　　The cycle of industry can be separated into four stages: embryonic, growth, mature and declining, that enterprises will formulate different strategy during each period of cycle. This research aims at industry in the declining and selects wood and bamboo products as the sample of investigation. This paper use multi-case study method from holistic approach to analysis competitive strategy in declining industry based on 16 wood and bamboo companies in Taiwan. The conclusions and observations can assist on the establishment of strategic management theory for the declining industry and also companies that can be used to formulate effective competitive strategy.

Keywords: Declining Industry, Strategy, Case Study

回目錄

軟體侵權擴散模式之研究

DIFFUSION MODEL ON SOFTWARE PIRACY

賴奎魁 

雲林科技大學企業管理系

蕭智文 

真理大學管理科學研究所 

吳曉君 

雲林科技大學管理研究所 

Kuei-kuei Lai 

Department of Business Administration National Yun-Lin University of Science & Technology 

Chih-wuen Hsiao 

Graduate School of Management Science Aletheia University 

Shiao-chun Wu 

Graduate School of Management National Yun-Lin University of Science & Technology

摘要

　　軟體侵權的現象在現今軟體產業中已是個非常嚴重的問題，嚴重影響到軟體開發業者與資訊科技智慧財產權的發展，許多公司因此損失了相當多的潛在利潤。儘管如此，軟體侵權的擴散可能會影響到合法軟體的擴散，亦即軟體侵權者可能會影響潛在使用者採用該軟體，並且這些採用者中有些可能會成為購買者。本研究之擴散模式是用來描繪合法與非法軟體的擴散軌跡，此方法能夠估計侵權者的數量，與受侵權者影響而採用合法產品的比例。本文運用此模式研究英國軟體的擴散型式，其結果說明了儘管每7個軟體使用者當中就有6個使用非法的產品，但約有75%以上之購買者是受此侵權者影響而採用該軟體，此力量深深地影響到合法軟體的擴散。雖然軟體盜版會使廠商的利潤減少，使得軟體廠商不得不採取軟體保護策略，但由於軟體市場有網路效果存在，有時開放軟體反而是較佳的策略。

關鍵字：軟體擴散、擴散模式、軟體侵權

ABSTRACT

　　Software piracy by users has been identified as the worst problem facing the software industry today. And the pervasiveness of software piracy throughout the world is having a profound effect on software publishing industry and the development of digital intellectual properties and technology. Because of this software shadow diffusion, a software firm loses potential profits. However, shadow diffusion may influence the legal diffusion of the software. Software pirates may influence potential software users to adopt the software, and some of these adopters may become buyers. A diffusion modeling approach is suggested to track shadow diffusion and the legal diffusion of a software over time. The approach enables management to estimate the pirated adoptions over time and the percentage of legal adoptions due to the influence of pirates. The modeling approach is applied to study the diffusion of types of software in United Kingdom. The results suggest the diffusion that although six of every seven software users utilized pirated copies, these pirates were responsible for generation more than 75% of new software buyers significantly influencing the legal diffusion of the software. Although software piracy would decrease the profit of software firms, the protection of software is not always a good idea. Owing to network effect, sometimes the software firms should choose not to protect their software.

Keywords: software diffusion, diffusion model, software piracy

回目錄

一個整合人力資源、組織脈絡與持續性競爭優勢的策略性人力資源管理架構：資源基礎觀點

A INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK OF HUMAN RESOURCE, CONTEXT OF ORGANIZATION AND SUSTAINED COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A RESOURCE-BASED PERSPECTIVE

林建煌 

中央大學企業管理系 

黃同圳 

中央大學人力資源管理研究所 

莊世杰 

朝陽科技大學企管系 

Chien-Huang Lin 

Department of Business Administration National Central University 

Tung-Chun Huang 

Department of Human Resource Management National Central University 

Shin-Chieh Chuang 

Department of Business Administration Chao-yang University of Technology

摘要

　　以資源基礎理論所發展出來的策略管理模型逐漸被學術與實務所重視，該理論主要的論點在於公司以資源為基礎是否能成為競爭優勢的來源，本文以此架構探討兩個課題。第一，人力資源是否為持續性競爭優勢的來源，本文以資源基礎的觀點指出人力資源是符合能為公司創造價值、稀少性、不可替代性、不可模仿性等持續性競爭優勢的條件。第二，以人力資源為持續性競爭優勢來源的架構是否會隨著組織的組織結構、規模、技術與策略而有所不同。最後以上述兩點提出一個以資源為基礎的人力資源與持續性競爭優勢的關係架構作為策略性人力資源的一個探索性研究的架構。

關鍵字：人力資源、持續性競爭優勢、資源基礎觀點

ABSTRACT

　　The primary purpose of this article is to propose a framework of strategic human resource management (SHRM) in based resource-based view. First, we discuss why human resource is a source of sustained competitive advantage, because it fit the criteria that they include valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable. This part in this framework primarily cite Wright et al. (1994)’paper. Second, we adds some moderators that include organizational contextual variables of technology, organizational structure, size and strategy to discuss whether effect of human resource as a source of sustained competitive advantage vary with these variables. Final, we mentions four propositions to provide further empirical research.

Keywords: human resource, sustained competitive advantage, resource-based view

回目錄

地主國外資政策之賽局理論分析

A GAME THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF HOST COUNTRY FOREIGN INVESTMENT POLICY

賀力行 

中華大學管理學院 

李陳國　洪錫銘 

中華大學科技管理研究所 

Li-Hsing Ho 

Dean School of Management Chung-Hua University 

Chen-Kuo Lee　Hsi-Ming Hung 

Dept. of Technology Management Chung-Hua University

摘要

　　本文運用現代經濟學的理論和方法，以跨國企業投資中的利益創造和利益分配為中心，構造了一個賽局分析的理論架構，不僅對地主國外資政策和實施做出了有效的解釋，彌補了現有理論的缺失，而且對跨國企業投資者的投資行為和地主國的引資行為及其互動關係作出了統一的說明，形成了一個比較完整的跨國投資理論。
　　 研究者通過高度抽象的假設條件之下，跨國企業與地主國之間的完全信息靜態和動態賽局分析，從不同角度論證了這一最適點的存在，同時得出一個基本推論：在其他條件不變的情況下，地主國外資優惠政策的最適水平應該與其外資需求的迫切程度或資本缺口的大小成正比，與其投資環境的優越程度成反比。運用這一推論，研究者對我國近年來外資優惠政策的演變歷程，進行了系統的理論說明。

關鍵字：跨國企業、地主國、對外直接投資、外資政策、賽局理論

ABSTRACT

　　The author, by means of modern economic theories and methods, constructs a theoretical framework of game analysis which centers on the creation and distribution of return on transnational corporation investment. His work not only fills certain blanks in the existing theories through effectively explaining the establishment and implementation of a host country’s foreign investment policy, but also consistently analyzes the investing behavior of the transnational corporation investors, the actions taken by the host country to attract foreign fund, and the interaction between the two sides. Thus, he creates a relatively complete theory of international investment.
　　Under quite simplified assumption, author carry through the complete information static game analysis and the complete information dynamic analysis, and deduced the conclusion: keeping other conditions unchangeable, the best preferential level to foreign investment should change in corporation with the host country’s demand for FDI or its capital gap, and should be concerned with its investment circumstance. With this interference, author successfully explains the evolution process of the preferential policy of our country in the last four decades.

Keywords: Transnational Corporation, Host Country, FDI, Foreign Investment Policy, Game Theory

回目錄

大陸台商集團企業策略運籌與組織運作之研究─以統一集團與頂新集團為例

A STUDY ON THE STRATEGIC PLANNING AND ORGANIZATIONAL OPERATIONS OF TAIWANESE GROUP ENTERPRISE IN MAINLAND CHINA: CASE STUDY ON UNI-PRESIDENT AND TING HSIN INTERNATIONAL GROUP

張淑昭　李啟誠　謝屏 

國立成功大學企業管理學系 

Su-Chao Chang　Chi-Cheng Lee　Ping Shie 

Department of Business Administration National Cheng-Kung University

摘要

　　近幾年來，台商西進大陸與組織集團化對台灣經濟與兩岸三地的互動產生了深遠的影響，有鑑於此，本研究針對大陸台商集團的營運發展、策略運籌與組織運作加以深入探討。本研究係屬探索性研究以定性分析為主，以統一、頂新集團為研究對象，透過人員訪談、資料收集及文獻的整理，歸納出個案公司在中國大陸實際營運過程中環境因素對策略運籌與組織運作之影響、互動關係及結果，進而發展命題與原則。
　　本研究發現大陸台商集團企業為了降低環境的不確定性與資源依賴程度，會採取不同的策略，而這些策略運籌不僅影響組織結構與設計，同時組織亦進而採取行動掌控環境。

關鍵字：集團企業、策略運籌、組織運作

ABSTRACT

　　Recent years, many Taiwanese enterprises enter Mainland China and organize their group into global structure, which make great influence on the interaction between Taiwan and R. P. China. This study focus on the formation of business group, strategy and their way of organizational operations. Based on exploratory study. Objects were chosen as Uni-President and Ting-Hsin Group, by the methodology of interview, data collection and literature. The thesis and principles were found mainly from the environmental factors which influence the object’s strategy formation and organizational operations on the interaction and results in their management in China. We also found that they took different strategies to reorganize and restructure their global organizations to reduce the uncertainty and the dependence of local resources to control the environmental factors.

Keywords: Group Enterprise, Strategic Planning, Organizational Operations

回目錄

資訊委外特殊自我效能與目標認同、工作績效及工作滿意的關係：結構方程模型的驗証性研究

THE IMPACT OF INFORMATIONAL OUTSOURCING SELF-EFFICACY ON GOAL COMMITMENT, TASK PERFORMANCE, AND TASK SATISFACTION: A CONFIRMATORY STUDY WITH STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL

萬金生 

高雄餐旅學院通識教育中心 

Chin-Sheng Wan 

Center of General Education Kaohsiung Hospitality College

摘要

　　資訊系統委外已成為世界潮流，承辦人員面對較具不確定性的資訊委外業務時，個人層級面往往對資訊委外工作有很大的影響。本文從社會認知理論之自我效能論切入，基於資訊委外的特殊性任務涉及特殊自我效能，提出特殊自我效能模型。檢驗個體面對資訊委外的特殊性任務時，其特殊自我效能對於工作表現層面的影響。經由結構方程模型對研究假說的檢定，顯示個人特殊自我效能與工作表現層面的工作認同度、工作績效、與工作滿意具有因果關係，更發現特殊自我效能與工作滿意、工作績效有直接的關係。實證結果指出資訊委外的工作表現層面確實受到特殊自我效能影響。如何提出適當的激勵制度，提昇員工對於資訊委外任務之信心水準，將有助工作表現層面的改善；從整體組織文化而言，台灣地區公營機構的管理制度和員工的績效考核脫節，若能針對此點因應，進而提高員工的特殊自我效能，將可促進工作績效與工作滿意的提昇，值得政府相關單位重視。

關鍵字：資訊委外、自我效能、工作績效、工作滿意、目標認同

ABSTRACT

　　Information outsourcing has become a popular trend in the world. However, current literature appears to emphasize on the economical and organizational aspects. Very few studies attempt to explore individual aspect. Since uncertainty has always been an issue in informational outsourcing, when staffs facing uncertain informational outsourcing tasks, their individual aspects play a great role in them. We suggested a specific self-efficacy model that originated from the individual aspect. Using structural equation model (SEM), the results suggested that cause and effect exist among individual specific self-efficacy, task-satisfaction, and task performance were also shown to have cause and effect. These results support social cognitive theory. Staff performance assessment of the managing system of government-managed organization in Taiwan is outdated. Therefore, how to promote appropriate reinforcing system and individual cognition of the staffs has become an important issue for the government.

Keywords: Outsourcing, Self-efficacy, Task performance, Task satisfaction, Goal commitment

回目錄