一、

 

地區特性對臺灣製造業中小企業技術效率之影響
Incorporating Influence of Area Characteristics on Technical Efficiency of Small and Medium
– Sized Taiwan Manufacturing Enterprises

李東杰、李文福
Tung-Chieh Lee, Wen-Fu Lee
 

二、


 

環境變數對非營利組織市場導向程度與組織績效關係干擾影響之研究－以企業文教基金會為例
The Interference Effect of Environment on the Relationship Between the Application
of Market Orientation and the Organization Effectiveness in Non Profit Organization:
A Case of the Business Sponsored

雷漢聲、高家斌
Han-Sheng Le, Chia-Bin Kao

 

三、
 

應用層級貝氏法於線上消費行為管制之探索研究
Hierarchical Bayes for Interpurchase Times with Application to Quality Controlof Online Customers

羅淑娟、蔡佳璋
Shu-Chuan Lo, Chia-Chang Tsai

四、

 

公司員工、顧客之觀點探討影響服務品質因素之研究－以台灣中部地區報關公司為例
The Effects of Service Quality in the Viewpoints of Employees and Customers
–Case of Customer Broker Company in Central Taiwan

張錦秀、李俊彥、黃翠瑛
Chin-Shiou Chang, Jun-Yen Lee,
Tsui-Ying Huang

五、
 

反應型供應鏈與預測型供應鏈策略績效之評估
Performance Evaluation of Response-Based Supply Chainand Anticipatory Supply Chain Strategies

蘇純繒、丁秋瑤
Chwen-Tzeng Su, Chiu-Yao Ting

六、
 

行動電信重度使用者行為探索
An Exploratory Study for Behavior of Mobile Telecommunication Consumer

駱少康、金力鵬
Shao-Kang Lo, Le-Pong Chin

七、

 

利用整合資訊架構分析製造面之知識管理系統
The Analysis of Manufacturing Knowledge Management Systems
Under the Structure of Integrated Information

賴宏峰
Hong Feng Lai
 

八、
 

好公司的股票是好股票?－認知偏誤假說的驗證
Is A Good Company A Good Stock? - Test of Cognitive Biases Hypothesis

陳一如
I-Ju Cheni

地區特性對臺灣製造業中小企業技術效率之影響

INCORPORATING INFLUENCE OF AREA CHARACTERISTICS ON TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED TAIWAN MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES

李東杰 

南台科技大學企業管理學系 

李文福 

龍華科技大學商學與管理研究所暨國立政治大學經濟學系 

Tung-Chieh Lee 

Department of Business Administration Southern Taiwan University of Technology 

Wen-Fu Lee 

Graduate School of Business and Management Department of Economics Lunghwa University of Science and Technology National Chengchi University

摘要

　　除勞動、資本等廠商內部管理投入外，各縣市地區特性也會影響廠商的生產績效，且地區特性的影響是有其重要的政策意涵，因此本文主要是探討如何利用非參數法中資料包絡分析法（即DEA-FSY模型）與參數法中隨機性統計邊界法（即SFA-ONE模型），將地區特性對績效的影響抽離出來，以獲得純管理層面的技術效率，作為廠商本身實際競爭力的參考，修正傳統不考量外在環境對技術效率影響之衡量方式所可能造成高低估效率的問題，並作兩模型間的比較。主要實證結果為：一、摒除地區特性影響之DEA-FSY模型與SFA-ONE模型兩者所得技術效率之縣市排名，僅在化學材料、塑膠製品、電力及電子機械器材製造修配等產業上不具顯著相關；二、在大部分產業上，摒除地區特性影響後的技術效率之變動幅度與方向，非參數法之DEA-FSY模型均較參數法之SFA-ONE模型有顯著差異；三、就各產業的技術效率受地區特性影響而言，在較科技性產業上僅電力及電子機械器材製造修配業在南部區域受有利影響；在較污染性產業上則以化學材料製造業在台灣西部各區域受不利的影響。

關鍵字：地區特性、技術效率、資料包絡分析法、隨機性統計邊界法

ABSTRACT

　　Besides the firm's internal controllable factors such as labor and capital, the area characteristics of prefectures and cities could influence the ability of the firm to transform inputs into outputs, and hence the effects of the area characteristics on firm's performance has important policy implications. Therefore, the paper aims to study how to theoretically measure managerial technical efficiency index measuring the real firm's ability of competition by incorporating the area characteristics under Data Envelopment Analysis（called DEA-FSY model）and Stochastic Statistical Frontier Approach（alled SFA-ONE model）which they can correct the measured bias of traditional methods. The main empirical results are as follows: 1.With incorporating the influence of area characteristics, the similar technical efficiency rankings of prefectures and cities exist between DEA-FSY and SFA-ONE except the Chemical Matter Manufacturing Industry, the Plastic Products Manufacturing Industry, and the Electrical & Electronic Machinery Industry. 2.The rate and the direction of changes in technical efficiency between the DEA and DEA-FSY are more significant than the SFA and SFA-ONE to most industries. 3.As for the effect of area characteristics on technical efficiency, it is significantly favorable to the Electrical & Electronic Machinery Industry among technological intensive industries in southern Taiwan, while it is significantly unfavorable to the Chemical Matter Manufacturing Industry among pollution industries in western Taiwan.

Keywords: Area Characteristics, Technical Efficiency, Data Envelopment Analysis, Stochastic Statistical Frontier Approach

回目錄

 環境變數對非營利組織市場導向程度與組織績效關係干擾影響之研究
—以企業文教基金會為例

The Interference Effect of Environment on The Relationship between The Application of Market Orientation and The Organization Effectiveness in Non Profit Organization: A Case of The Business Sponsored Foundations

雷漢聲

國立雲林科技大學企業管理系所

高家斌

臺北市立師範學院國民教育研究所

Han-Sheng Lei

Department of Business Administration
National Yunlin University of Science & Technology

Chia-Bin Kao

Graduate School of Elementary Education
Taipei Municipal Teachers College

摘  要

　　近幾年來，由於企業資源的相繼投入，使得營利組織與非營利組織在社會公益的目的上產生了連結。然而，如何運用這些資源、發揮社會功能、貫徹使命目標、維繫組織運作、避免資源浪費乃成為非營利組織重要的內部課題。本研究旨在探討非營利組織的市場導向應用對組織績效之影響。

　　本研究以喜瑪拉雅研究發展基金會所編印的「基金會在台灣」名冊，配合教育部的網路統計，在登錄的2100多家文教基金會中，選取出符合需求的樣本共292家企業或企業家所資助成立的基金會做為研究對象。以郵寄問卷的方式進行調查，對各基金會執行長或其他負責實際業務執行之管理人員發放問卷。

根據回收之133份有效樣本資料分析發現，對於企業文教基金會而言，在環境變數控制下，市場導向各構面的實施的確會與組織的績效表現呈正向關係。其中以市場情報的傳遞具有支配性的影響。另外，本研究針對環境中之競爭壓力及服務對象壓力，分別探討其對與市場導向各構面的交叉項對組織績效的影響。結果顯示，在競爭壓力大時組織應更重視市場情報的傳遞；而在服務對象壓力大時，組織應加強對市場情報的蒐集的重視。最後本研究根據研究發現，對企業文教基金會及類似的非營利組織提出相關建議。

關鍵字：非營利組織、市場導向、組織績效、CORPS模式

ABSTRACT

　　In the recent years, owing to the increasing resource endorsed by the enterprises, there is an interface created between the nonprofit organizations and the profit ones. However, how to utilize these resource effectively to create social value and to fulfill the mission of the nonprofit organizations, become one of the most important issue in the nonprofit organizations. The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the application of ‘market orientation’ on the nonprofit organizations’ effectiveness.

　　Base on the list of the “Foundations in Taiwan” which is published by The Hilmalaya Foundation, and combined with the statistics data from the wed side of The Ministry of Education, this study picked up 292 qualified foundations as the research target. By mailing the questionnaires to the executives or the responsible managers of these foundations, we received 133 effective samples.

　　According to the analyzed result, this study found: 1.Under the control of the environmental conditions, every dimensions of the market orientation has a positive impact on the organization effectiveness, 2. among those dimensions, ‘the delivering of the market information’ has the dominant impact on the organization effectiveness, and 3. there are cross effects between the market orientation and the environmental dimension on the organization effectiveness.

Keywords: Nonprofit organization, market orientation, organization effectiveness, CORPS model

回目錄

應用層級貝氏法於線上消費行為管制之探索研究

HIERARCHICAL BAYES FOR INTERPURCHASE TIMES WITH APPLICATION TO QUALITY CONTROL OF ONLINE CUSTOMERS

羅淑娟 蔡佳璋 

台北科技大學工業工程與管理系 

Shu-chuan Lo Chia-chang Tsai 

Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Management National Taipei University of Technology

摘要

　　在本研究中我們使用消費間隔模式分析顧客間的異質性，並使用混合模型將顧客分成理想狀態、合理狀態和危險狀態。這兩種模式都是使用層級貝式的觀念，並透過馬可夫蒙地卡羅法的方法來估計所需的參數。最後，我們選擇以合理狀態的機率密度函數，運用管制圖的方式來監控顧客消費行為。管制圖通常是被企業用在產品品質的管制上，它提供一個合理的時間點去修正產品品質的偏差。本研究的管制圖包含一個顧客的消費間隔時間和最近消費時間。

關鍵字：層級貝氏、混合模式、顧客異質性、管制圖、消費者行為

ABSTRACT

　　In this paper, we follow the model of interpurchase to get the heterogeneity across customers. Then we use mixture model to segment customers into three groups as super-active, active and inactive states. Both models are solved by hierarchical Bayes via Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. At last, we employ X chart based on the density of active component to monitor consumer behavior. Control charts have been widely used in industry to control the quality of products. They provide an economical timing to launch corrective actions. The information on X chart includes interpurchase times and recency for an individual customer.

Keywords: Hierarchical Bayes, Finite Mixture Model, Heterogeneity Across Customers, Control Chart, Consumer Behavior

回目錄

公司員工、顧客之觀點探討影響服務品質因素之研究－以台灣中部地區報關公司為例

THE EFFECTS OF SERVICE QUALITY IN THE VIEWPOINTS OF EMPLOYEES AND CUSTOMERS-CASE OF CUSTOMER BROKER COMPANY IN CENTRAL TAIWAN

張錦秀

國立嘉義大學生物事業管理學系 

李俊彥 

國立嘉義大學生物事業管理學系 

黃翠瑛 

國立嘉義大學生物事業管理學系 

Chin-Shiou Chang 

Department of Bio-Industry and Agribusiness National Chiayi University 

Jun-Yen Lee 

Department of Bio-Industry and Agribusiness National Chiayi University 

Tsui-Ying Huang 

Department of Bio-Industry and Agribusiness National Chiayi University

摘要

　　傳統服務業品質的改善大都以顧客的觀點為主，本研究不僅提供從顧客觀點的改善，並以內部行銷的觀點，同時瞭解經營者與顧客的服務品質差異，提供說明報關公司的服務品質模式與改善的重點。本研究以問卷調查方式，針對中部某報關公司的管理者以及報關公司所服務之進出口業者進行服務品質調查，應用重要-績效分析法分析，結果發現「不會洩漏廠商的資料」、「能協助承擔代墊款」及「從業人員的操守與道德」落在“優勢保持區”，其餘屬性均在“集中改善區”，但考慮公司有限資源下，以績效差異分析發現「優惠的交易費用」、「有能力處理突發狀況」及「能協助處理緊急的訂單」等因素，應列為第一優先改善事項。並進一步以聯合分析法，瞭解中部地區進出口業者對報關公司所要求的服務水準，結果發現顧客對報關公司的最佳偏好，其總效用值為5.15。其中以「溝通次數」最為不重要，而以「交易費用」最為重要。

關鍵字：報關公司、聯合分析法、重要－績效分析法

ABSTRACT

　　In this study, the service qualities of the Customer Broker were identified by the survey of its employees and customers. Also, the difference of service qualities was measured by the viewpoints of employees and customers. The IPA(the Importance-Performance Analysis) and the Conjoint analysis were introduced. As a result, the service qualities of "Employees who are trustworthy", "Could help to take credits", and "Employees' prestige" are found to fall on the quadrant II (Keep up the good work). Other attributes were found on the Quadrant I (Concentrate here). As considered budgets, the "Fair transactions fee", "With the ability to handle the accidental situation", and "Help to fill emergency orders" should be improved in the first priority. Furthermore, the total utility value of preferred brokers is 5.15. The most important factor is the "transaction fees", however the number time of communication" is the least important factor in service qualities.

Keywords: Customer brokers, Conjoint analysis, The importance-performance analysis

回目錄

反應型供應鏈與預測型供應鏈策略績效之評估

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF RESPONSE-BASED SUPPLY CHAIN AND ANTICIPATORY SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES

蘇純繒 

雲林科技大學工業工程與管理系 

丁秋瑤 

雲林科技大學管理研究所 

Chwen-Tzeng Su 

Department of Industrial Management National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 

Chiu-Yao Ting 

College of Management National Yunlin University of Science and Technology

摘要

　　本文目的主要在於評估反應型供應鏈（response-based supply chain）與預測型供應鏈（anticipatory supply chain）二個系統之績效，內容包含製造商、配銷商及零售商的三階供應鏈。本研究所採用之應用預測和統計方法，乃以存貨水準為主要的績效評估指標，以比較各階層存貨水準情形。研究結果顯示反應型供應鏈系統在各階層成員之存貨水準下，顯著低於預測型供應鏈系統，亦即績效較佳。總而言之，在反應型供應鏈中由各階層透過資訊分享，可使得供應鏈獲得較低之存貨數量。

關鍵字：反應型供應鏈、預測型供應鏈、績效評估、統計方法

ABSTRACT

　 　This article address the performance evaluation of response-based supply chain and anticipatory supply chain systems, including three stages: single manufactory, distributor, and retailer. The whole study was conducted quantitatively. Inventory level was utilized as the major index of performance evaluation in applied prediction and statistical techniques of the current study. This was to compare inventories and supply chain entities in respective stage. The final results demonstrated that performances in all the three stages of response-based supply chain significantly surpassed those of the anticipatory supply chain. To illustrate, it is information sharing that enables the less inventory in each stage of response-based supply chain.

Keywords: response-based supply chain, anticipatory supply chain, performance evaluation, statistical techniques

回目錄

行動電信重度使用者行為探索

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY FOR BEHAVIOR OF MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION CONSUMER

駱少康 

國立臺北大學企業管理研究所 

金力鵬 

實踐大學資訊管理學系 

Shao-Kang LO 

Department of Business Administration National Taipei University 

Le-Pong Chin 

Department of Information Management Shih Chien University

摘要

　　 本研究乃針對台灣地區行動電話使用者之消費資料進行探索性資料分析，目的在依消費者使用程度實施市場區隔，區分出重度使用者與輕度使用者兩族群，並探究兩族群在使用行為、地理與人口統計變數上之異同，以提供後續假設驗證性研究的基礎；並藉研究中建立之區別函數，應用於判別新申辦用戶的未來使用程度。
經本研究以二階段集群分析所區隔出之重度與輕度使用者，發現重度使用者在門號使用時間上明顯高於輕度使用者；在繳費行為上，重度使用者顯著地較輕度使用者為經常延遲繳費；而重度用戶使用手機國際漫遊通話的次數亦是高於輕度使用者。此外，本研究也發現用戶在費率型態上選擇基本型與商務型者有較高的機率會是重度使用者；而居住地為台中與台南（縣）市的消費者，使用程度較可能低於其他地區的用戶；而從事營建業的消費者其行動通訊使用量也較其他職業可能為低。以區別分析所建立的判別模型，可有效的區分出重度與輕度兩群使用者，且預測準確率達86.44%。

關鍵字：行動通訊、重度使用者、區別分析

ABSTRACT

　　This study applies the exploratory field study to discover the significant variables between heavy and light users in mobile telecommunication industry. The results of this study provide groundwork for later, more systematic hypothesis testing. It also gives the usage level prediction of new mobile phone applicants.
From the two-stage cluster analysis, two groups of heavy users and light users are identified. The results suggest that the duration of mobile phone accounts is significantly longer in heavy user group. Light user group is more often to delay the bill payment, while heavy users utilize more of the international calling program. This study employed the discriminant analysis to develop the prediction model of heavy and light user groups, with an accuracy rate of 86.44%.

Keywords: mobile telecommunication, heavy user, discriminant analysis

回目錄

利用整合資訊架構分析製造面之知識管理系統

THE ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURING KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS UNDER THE STRUCTURE OF INTEGRATED INFORMATION

賴宏峰 

國立聯合大學經營管理學系 

Hong Feng Lai 

Department of Business Administration National United University

摘要

　 　本文從資訊技術觀點探討知識管理系統的建置課題，應用整合資訊架構ARIS（Architecture of Integrated Information Systems）工具，有效組織企業內的知識，建立其知識結構圖與知識地圖，以執行企業內有關知識之分類、組織、與儲存等作業，作為實作知識管理系統的基礎。因為在知識經濟世紀中，知識成為企業維持與提升競爭優勢的重要因素，因此有關企業內知識之創造、組織、正規化、散佈、應用與發展等課題，投以高度重視。因此，建構有效的知識管理系統經由以下六個基本程序：蒐集與建立企業內個人的知識、確認企業內之知識、分類其中繁多的知識、透過溝通建立知識管理的共識、產生理解、最後從有效的知識管理系統創造群體的知識。本文除建立知識管理系統發展架構外，並以實際的離散式製造系統為例說明其發展步驟。最後，並提出後續之具體建議與發展方向。

關鍵字：知識管理、整合資訊架構、知識結構圖、知識地圖

ABSTRACT

　　 This paper aims at constructing knowledge management systems by the perspective of information technology. ARIS (Architecture of Integrated Information Systems) is chosen as a tool to aid system designers to classify, organize, and store knowledge by knowledge structure diagrams and knowledge maps. In the era of knowledge economic, knowledge becomes the most important key factor of organizational competitiveness. These issues about knowledge creation, organization, formalization, distribution, application and evolvement are highly addressed by scholars. The effective knowledge management system must be built on the basis of six procedures including: create knowledge from individual, clarify knowledge, classify knowledge, communicate, comprehend, and create knowledge from group. In this study, the authors propose a framework for developing a knowledge management system by the example of discrete manufacturing systems. Finally, the authors draw on some propositions and research issues for the future study.

Keywords: Knowledge management system, ARIS, Knowledge structure diagram, Knowledge map

回目錄

好公司的股票是好股票?－認知偏誤假說的驗證

IS A GOOD COMPANY A GOOD STOCK? — TEST OF COGNITIVE BIASES HYPOTHESIS

陳一如 

景文技術學院財務金融系 

I-Ju Chen 

Department of Finance Jin-Wen Institution of Technology

摘要

　　認知偏誤（cognitive biases），是行為財務學中對投資人異常行為所解釋的現象之一。本研究即試圖以此行為財務學的觀點，利用橫斷面分析法中的固定效果模型（fixed effect model），探討台灣股票市場中投資人在投資股票時，對「好公司」的股票與「好股票」之間是否存有認知偏誤的現象，以了解投資人是否會因此認知偏誤而影響股票報酬表現的情形。
本研究利用天下雜誌所舉辦第三屆到第八屆「台灣百大標竿企業聲望調查」資料庫中的各項指標，分別以十項指標平均值及企業「前?能力」、「創新能力」與「顧客導向及服務品質」來評量是否為「好公司」，再利用「長期投資價值」指標來評量是否為「好股票」，並以一年期股票投資（買進持有）的年報酬率來衡量「好公司」的股票或「好股票」的投資表現。本研究同時配合公司規模、權益市值比、本益比等變數，比較「好公司」和「好股票」公司特質之差異，並且最後以上列實證結果探討認知偏誤假說。本研究提出認知偏誤假說，主張「好公司」和「好股票」公司特質與認知偏誤有關，某一公司特質產生實現報酬之差異是因投資人認知偏誤造成的，而使報酬預期高的股票產生較低實現報酬。
　　 研究發現財金專家與企業專業經理人容易傾向認為「好公司」的股票即為「好股票」，且大公司規模與低權益市值比的公司較容易被視為「好公司」或「好股票」的公司，不過其所認為之好公司或好股票的相對股票實現報酬並沒有明顯較高的現象。因此，本研究結果發現因投資人對好公司和好股票的認知相似所造成認知上的偏誤，使得投資人常選擇規模較大之公司股票投資，卻忽略其他影響報酬之因素，使所投資的股票沒有顯著的報酬表現。實證結果也發現，真正可使投資人有較高股票報酬的重要因素，卻是投資人在一開始便不重視的市場風險，唯有同時考量市場風險此因素，才可使投資人具有較高的股票實現報酬。

關鍵字：行為財務學、認知偏誤

ABSTRACT

　 　This study aims to test whether the cognitive biases exist among experienced experts in Taiwan stock market.The relationship between the experts' perceptions on the stocks and stock realized return is expected to generate.The data collected from the annual survey of company reputations conducted by Common Wealth Magazine from 1997 are used in this study.The financial data, including weekly stock return, weighted market return, book to market equity ratio, transaction volume, turnover ratio and price earning ratio, are collected from TEJ database.The fix effect model is then used to estimate the effect of respondents' perceptions on good companies or good stocks.

　　The empirical results indicate that companies that are perceived as good companies have the special characters, like larger size, higher transaction volume, higher price earning ratio and lower book-to-market ratio.The results also illustrate that the experienced investors rank stocks as if they believe that good stocks are stocks of good companies.Moreover, the study shows that these investors rank stocks as if they are indifferent to market risk（beta）,while this is the major factor which causes the high stock return.Therefore, it is concluded that the cognitive biases lead investors to the belief that good stocks are stocks of good companies.It also makes companies that are perceived as good companies or good stocks will not have high stock returns.

Keywords: Behavioral finance、cognitive biases

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